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TEXT (texto)

ORIENTATION (by Ronald G. Watson) In the late 1950s, there were as many university student failures in the U.S. as Europe and more. After much wrangling, the U.S. federal government gave universities extra money if they included orientation courses in their curricula. Orientation is a university course that teaches students how to study. By 1960 these courses were in as many universities as colleges, both private and public. They saved students as much as time as work. They also improved grades by 80%. In these courses students learned "spaced cramming", speed reading, etc. Specifically, they learned not to listen to music while studying: the brain consumes more oxygen (more energy, more effort). They also learned to put their notes on only one side of the page: the other side can be used for extra notes. They learned not to use a pencil. Pencil marks smear or become blurred. They learned not to study one hour before an exam, since this is the weakest point of your recall curve. Actually students began to learn more in the U.S. than Europe in less time. Of course less failures saved the U.S. federal government a lot of money and students a lot of headaches.

VOCABULARY (vocabulario)

failures	fracaso
how to study	como hay que estudiar
to save	ahorrar ( salvar )
to improve	mejorar
spaced cramming	estudiar en cortos espacios de tiempos todos los temas importantes
to wrangle	discutir
to smear	emborronar (la tinta)
to recall	recordar
headaches	dolores de cabeza
weakest	el más debil